Mysteries and rare events that occur on the volcano. © 2018 Merdeka.com
Merdeka.com – The mountain is undoubtedly a beautiful place with incredible views. The beauty of the mountains, the plantations of various plants that are suitable in cool temperatures, and the hills and waterfalls that usually exist in the area are something that is interesting from the mountains.
However, this can change if it is a volcano. In addition, an active volcano can not predict when it will “cough”. How not, volcanoes are the most powerful geological features in the world, where when they erupt, they often change the contour of the Earth geologically. Like the separation of the island with the appearance of a volcanic lake.
Great things in volcanoes often reveal ancient mysteries or even create rare events that do not exist in other locations.
Let us discuss one by one the series of mysteries and rare events that occurred in the volcanoes. This is the review!
Tingmiatornis arctica bird
A large waterfowl called Tingmiatornis arctica lived in the Canadian Arctic 90 million years ago. The fossils were found in 2016 with the record that in terms of fossil structure, this bird habitat is a large volcanic soil inhabited by dinosaurs and other reptiles. The discovery of this fossilized bird, which was right in the Arctic region, changed the view of scientists about global warming.
Global warming is estimated to have occurred approximately 93.9 to 98.8 million years ago. Initially, scientists said that the Arctic region is an area that is not exposed to global warming due to the weather, because every winter, the region will always produce ice.
With the discovery of this fossil bird there, global warming that does not affect the Arctic would not make sense. It is estimated that due to global warming caused by massive volcanic eruptions that cause the greenhouse effect, these birds migrate to the Arctic and can still seek food in their melted waters that are exposed to global warming.
This also shows that in the future, polar regions that are still abundant in ice will be exposed to the effects of global warming.
Giant ring
Inside a South African national park called Pilanesberg National Park, there is a giant ring that appears to be formed by mountains and valleys. the perfect round shape is very interesting to see from space.
But instead of being mountains and valleys, these are ancient volcanic cracks that have erupted many times.
Armed with a satellite image from NASA, scientists predicted how rings were born and died as volcanoes. It started billions of years ago where volcanic embryos, or so-called “hot spots”, appeared. This hot spot immediately gushes lava, penetrating the crust, with enormous strength and volume.
Not all the magma is rinsed off and more of it comes out and cools and hardens immediately. This magma comes out and spreads in the cracks that are round and form shapes. This is called a ring embankment by scientists.
This has been repeated for millions of years. Each explosion adds a new ring to the basement. Eventually the Pilanesberg volcano became inactive after the displacement of the continental plate removed it away from the ring of fire.
Fossil forest
In 2012, scientists found a fossil forest in a part of China’s Inner Mongolia province. This forest is a kind of fossil, because 300 million years ago, there was a volcanic eruption whose ash covered the forest and seemed to freeze it. Volcanic ash covered the forest to more than a meter.
At that time, the Earth had no continents, only a large continent known as Pangea. Although a lot has happened during this period and the forest has been buried for a long time, there is one plant that was found in pure condition. This allowed scientists to analyze the forest ecosystems of the Permian era. Other plants, such as tall trees, are said to have collapsed when the mountain erupted and were covered in ash.
The result of this research is the discovery of 25 meter tall plants with the genera Sigillaria and Cordaites that form the forest canopy. Below this, there is a side dome of various feathers, and at the bottom there are various plants of the Hajj fern and the Noeggerathiales series. Noeggerathiales, Sigillaria and Cordaites are extinct.
Deadly Toba explosion
73,000 years ago, humans were an endangered species. This is the cause of death of many people during volcanic eruptions in Sumatra, which in turn led to the birth of Lake Toba. The eruption was so massive that it caused sunlight to be covered in volcanic ash for 6 years. Not only that, the Earth’s temperature dropped 16 degrees Celsius, and the Earth eventually experienced an Ice Age for 1,800 years.
This is because modern humans have limited genes, because the people who were left at that time were very rare. Finally, racial diversity did not become widespread and our ancestors were the survivors of the Tomb eruption. [idc]
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